WHAT IS BRONCHOPULMONARY

What is bronchopulmonary neoplasm?

Bronchopulmonary neoplasm (bronchopulmonary cancer) is the most common type of neoplasia, maintaining the first place in the world according to the statistics of 2018. It can affect lung tissue, bronchi or both structures. The major risk factor is smoking. Besides this, other particles in the ambient air are considered to have, over time, the same effect (example: asbestos, radon, arsenic, acids, hydrocarbons, nickel). What symptoms can patients have? Chronic cough (lasting > 3 weeks) or the change in the character of the cough, especially in smoking patients with morning cough; Chest pain without significant improvement with antialgesic treatment; Expectoration of blood (hemoptysis); Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnea); Weight loss and/or loss of appetite; Hoarseness (dysphonia); Patients may present with one or more of the listed symptoms. There are also patients who have no symptoms, and the diagnosis is made during a routine check-up. How is the diagnosis made? Chest X-ray can suggest the diagnosis in many cases. There are also situations when the X-ray may be normal. Computed tomographic examination can clarify the diagnosis and is mandatory for the staging of the disease. Bronchoscopy is absolutely necessary for the certainty diagnosis of broncho-pulmonary neoplasm. Depending on the location of the tumor, bronchial tissue is taken (biopsy) or secretions are aspirated from the lung territory showing radiological changes. Depending on the stage at the time of diagnosis, assessed with the help of computer tomography, the patient can benefit from surgical and/or oncological treatment. The earlier the stage at the time of diagnosis, the better the course of the disease will be. In early stages, surgical treatment is the first option, followed by oncological treatment. The more advanced the stage and the more degraded the patient's general condition, the lower the chances of surgical treatment and only oncological and/or palliative treatment comes into question. In the advanced stages of the disease, the prognosis remains reserved, but recent advances in the detection of genetic mutations and the emergence of new molecules that target these mutations are encouraging for patients.

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